Comparative Study of Election Surveys
A collaborative international research program investigating citizen voting behavior and democratic institutions across 55+ democracies.
CSES Module 6 (2021–2026): Representative Democracy Under Pressure
Includes survey data from 17 polities (Australia, Austria, Brazil, Denmark, France, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, USA, and more).
Survey Modules (Chronological)
Full release standalone election study datasets from Module 5 (2016–2021) down to Module 1 (1996–2001).
Democracy Divided: Populism & Representation
Examines populist attitudes, anti-establishment sentiment, and citizen-elite ideological congruency across 54 national election studies.
Distributional Politics & Social Protection
Investigates how institutions shape citizen attitudes toward economic inequality, redistribution, welfare spending, and mobilization.
Meaningful Choices & Democratic Performance
Explores whether elections provide voters with distinct policy alternatives, and how perceived choices affect satisfaction with democracy.
Accountability & Representation
Evaluates clarity of political responsibility in single-party vs. coalition governments and citizen perceptions of responsiveness.
Impact of Electoral Institutions
Foundational study analyzing the comparative effects of varying electoral systems on political behavior and social cleavages.
CSES Integrated Module Dataset (IMD)
Brings together selected harmonized variables from CSES Modules 1 through 5 into one longitudinal dataset spanning over 395,000 observations across 230 elections in 59 polities.